HEART ATTACK ( MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)
HEART
ATTACK
Introduction
A heart attack, also called myocardial infarction, is a medical
emergency that can cause death or serious disability if not treated quickly.
SYMPTOMS:
1)chest
pain or discomfort: This discomfort or pain may feel like a persistent, tight
ache, pressure, fullness, or squeezing in the chest. This discomfort might be
transient.
2)upper
body pain: Beyond the chest, the shoulders, arms, back, neck, teeth, or jaw may
also experience pain or discomfort. Some folks just have upper body pain, not
chest pain.
3)
stomachache: The stomach area may also experience pain that feels like
heartburn.
4)respiration
difficulty: You could struggle to breathe or gulp for air. This frequently
happens before any chest discomfort. Some individuals experience no chest
discomfort.
5)anxiety: For no apparent reason, you can get a sensation of impending doom or feel like
you're having a panic attack.
6)lightheadedness: You might have chest pressure, dizziness, or a fainting sensation in addition
to these other symptoms.
7)Sweating: You might find yourself suddenly breaking out in a cold, clammy sweat.
8)vomiting
and nauseous: You might vomit or feel sick to your stomach.
9)palpitations
in the heart: Your heart may seem to skip beats, or you may simply be acutely
aware that it is beating.
Causes of
heart attacks:
Coronary
heart disease is the main reason why people have heart attacks. In the arteries
that provide blood to the heart, plaque accumulates in this area.
Atherosclerosis is another name for the widespread accumulation of plaque in
arteries.
Heart
attacks come in two primary categories.
1) Type :1 When plaque on the artery's inner wall ruptures, cholesterol, and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream, resulting in type I heart attacks. As a result, the artery may become blocked by a blood clot.
2) Type:2 heart attacks do not completely block an artery, but the heart does not receive the oxygen-rich blood required.
Other causes of heart attacks
include:
- torn blood vessels
- blood vessel
spasms
- drug misuse
- hypoxia, lack of
oxygen in the blood
Risk elements for heart attacks:
You may be at risk for a heart
attack due to several circumstances. Some elements, such as age and family
history, are unchangeable. On the other hand, you can alter the risk variables
that you have control over.
Risk factors that can be altered
and those you can influence include:
1)
smoking
2) obesity
3) high cholesterol
4) eating a diet high in trans
fats and saturated fats
5) not exercising enough
6) being stressed out
7) having diabetes or prediabetes
8) excessive alcoholic beverage
use
9) sleep apnea
The coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. They are a type of artery that carries oxygenated blood from your heart to all parts of your body.
Heart attacks can damage or destroy part of your heart muscle. This
causes the organ to become enlarged and weak, which is called a heart attack. A
diseased or damaged part of the muscle does not pump blood as effectively as it
should.
If you have a heart attack, the damaged area may not be able to pump
enough blood to meet all the body's needs for oxygen and nutrients (the food
that keeps us alive). This results in low oxygen levels in some parts of your
body, causing symptoms such as lightheadedness or shortness of breath during
exercise; numbness or tingling sensations; fatigue; chest pain; dizziness;
fainting spells/passing out; cold hands/feet ( Raynaud's syndrome ); or loss of
appetite.
A heart attack is a sudden and severe narrowing of the blood vessels
that feeds your heart muscle. It can cause chest pain, shortness of breath,
nausea, and other symptoms that signal a medical emergency.
Treatments
Your doctor may suggest a procedure if you've suffered a heart
attack (surgery or nonsurgical). These treatments can provide pain relief while
lowering the risk of having another heart attack.
Typical practices include:
Stent: A stent is a wire mesh tube that doctors implant into the artery after angioplasty to keep it open.
Angioplasty: A balloon angioplasty or plaque removal procedure can unblock a clogged artery. It's significant to highlight that angioplasty is no longer often used by medical professionals.
heart bypass grafting: Your doctor will reroute the blood around the obstruction during a bypass procedure.
surgery on a heart valve: In valve replacement or repair surgery, doctors fix or swap out leaking valves to support the heart's pumping action.
Pacemaker: A pacemaker is an item that is inserted under the skin. It might aid in keeping your heart's beat regular.
cardiac transplant: When a cardiac attack results in the majority of the heart's tissue dying permanently, surgeons may advise a heart transplant.
Your doctor may also prescribe medications to treat your heart attack, including:
- aspirin
- other drugs to
break up clots
- antiplatelet and
anticoagulants, also known as blood thinners
- pain relievers
- nitroglycerin
- blood pressure medication
- beta-blockers
Conclusion
Heart attack is a serious condition that can cause death or serious
health problems. If you think you may have had a heart attack, seek immediate
medical attention. Most people who experience heart attacks should be treated
in the hospital's emergency room and then given medications to keep them from
having another attack within 24 hours of their initial event.
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