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JAUNDICE

  JAUNDICE   Introduction Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of your eyes. It can be caused by several different conditions, including hepatitis, pancreatic cancer, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), and gallstones. Most cases of jaundice are not serious and do not require medical treatment unless they become very severe or start causing problems like difficulty swallowing or breathing   The yellow color in jaundice comes from bilirubin. Bilirubin is a chemical produced by the normal breakdown of red blood cells in the body and stored in the gallbladder, which is then released into your small intestine when food is digested.     Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes that occurs when there are too many bilirubin molecules in your bloodstream. Bilirubin is a waste product of red blood cells that get broken down by the liver. CAUSES OF JAUNDICE: Jaundice can be caused ...

HEART ATTACK ( MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)

  HEART ATTACK   Introduction A heart attack, also called myocardial infarction, is a medical emergency that can cause death or serious disability if not treated quickly.   A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot obstructs one of the coronary arteries. The heart muscle may become deprived of oxygen and nutrients and start to die. If you experience any symptoms that are sudden, severe, or persistent and it doesn't go away after a few minutes or hours, contact your doctor immediately.   SYMPTOMS :   Heart attack symptoms include:   1)chest pain or discomfort:  This discomfort or pain may feel like a persistent, tight ache, pressure, fullness, or squeezing in the chest. This discomfort might be transient.   2)upper body pain:  Beyond the chest, the shoulders, arms, back, neck, teeth, or jaw may also experience pain or discomfort. Some folks just have upper body pain, not chest pain.   3) stomachache:  The st...

MALARIA [ MALARIAL FEVER]

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MALARIAL FEVER   Introduction Malaria is a disease caused by the Plasmodium protozoan parasite that affects humans and other primates. Malaria parasites are transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. The infection is characterized by prolonged fever, severe headaches, chills, fatigue and weakness, nausea, and vomiting.   Malaria is still widespread in tropical and subtropical nations while being rare in temperate areas. More than 400,000 people die from malaria each year, infecting close to 290 million people worldwide.   WHAT IS MALARIA? Malaria is a mosquito-borne illness that causes fever and flu-like symptoms. It is caused by a parasite that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. It's most common in tropical and subtropical regions, but can be found anywhere there are mosquitoes. In addition to being transmitted by mosquitoes, malaria can also occur from contaminated water or food (such as eating raw fi...

TYPHOID FEVER

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TYPHOID FEVER   Introduction    fig: Typhoid fever Typhoid fever is a serious disease caused by a bacteria called Salmonella typhi . It can cause mild to severe symptoms, including stomach cramps, diarrhea, and fever. If you have typhoid fever, you may develop an abscess (a collection of pus) in your abdomen or under your arm near the shoulder. Typhoid Fever Symptoms Typhoid fever is a disease that causes symptoms to appear over time. The first symptoms are usually diarrhea, followed by fever, headache, and nausea. There may also be loss of appetite or muscle aches or pain in the abdomen. If you have typhoid fever symptoms such as fig: Symptoms of typhoid fever ●   Diarrhea (watery stools) ●   Fever (high temperature) ●   Headache   ●  Nausea    ●  Vomiting What Causes Typhoid Fever? Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi, which can be passed from one person to another through contaminated food ...

HYPERTENSION [ HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE]

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Hypertension [ high blood pressure]   What is hypertension?   Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition in which the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is high. This can put a strain on the heart and lead to serious health problems.   TYPES OF HYPERTENSION: There are two types of hypertension -             primary hypertension -           secondary hypertension.   PRIMARY HYPERTENSION:                        Primary hypertension is the most common type, and it develops over time.   SECONDARY HYPERTENSION:            Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease.   If left untreated, hyperten...